𝑸𝑼𝑬𝑺𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵❓
Could you tell me who has the
most right to lead salah and could you back it up with the Quran and hadiths as
well?
𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹❗️
Praise be to Allah.
The one who most deserves to lead
the prayer is the one who has the most knowledge of the rulings on prayer and
has memorized the most Quran.
Abu Mas’ud al-Ansari said: The
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The people
should be led in prayer by the one who has most knowledge of the Book of Allah;
if they are equal in knowledge of the Quran, then by the one who has most
knowledge of the Sunnah.” (Narrated by Imam Muslim, 1530)
What is meant by “the one who has
most knowledge of the Quran” is not the one who can recite it most beautifully,
but rather the one who has memorized more of the Book of Allah . This is
indicated by the hadith of ‘Amr ibn Salamah who said: “I used to memorize those
words – meaning the Quran – and it was as if it took root in my heart. When
Makkah was conquered, then every tribe hastened to embrace Islam, and my father
urged our tribe to hasten to embrace Islam. When my father returned (from the
Prophet) to his tribe, he said, ‘By Allah, I have come to you from the true
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)!’ The Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) afterwards said to them, ‘Offer such-and-such a
prayer at such-and-such a time, and when the time for the prayer becomes due,
then one of you should pronounce the Adhan (for the prayer), and let the one
amongst you who knows most Quran lead the prayer.’ So they looked for such a
person and found none who knew more Quran than I, because of what I used to
learn from the people. So they made me their imam (to lead the prayer) and at
that time I was a boy of six or seven years.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari, 4051)
We say that it is essential for
the imam to know the rulings on prayer, because he may do something, such as
not breaking his wudu, or missing out a rak`ah, and not know what to do about
it, in which case he would make a mistake and cause the prayer of others to be
imperfect or invalid altogether.
Based on the hadith quoted above,
some of the scholars said that the one who has more knowledge of fiqh should
lead the prayers.
Al-Nawawi said: “Malik,
al-Shafi’i and their companions said that the one who has more knowledge of
fiqh should take precedence over the one who knows more Quran, because what he
needs of recitation is known but what he needs of fiqh may not be clear. There
may arise during the prayer some matter where only a person who has complete
knowledge of fiqh will be able to know the right thing to do. They said that
this is the reason why the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
told Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the prayer rather than
anyone else, even though he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had
stated that others had more knowledge of Quran than him. But some refuted this
point by quoting the hadith that said that the Companions who had most
knowledge of Quran were also those who had most knowledge of fiqh. But there is
another hadith according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him) said: “If they are equal in knowledge of Quran, then the one who has
most knowledge of the Sunnah,” which indicates that those who have most
knowledge of Quran should be given precedence in all cases.” (Sharh Muslim,
5/177)
Even though al-Nawawi differed
with his imam al-Shafi`i with regard to the interpretation of the hadith, their
words illustrate the basic principle that there was no one among the Companions
who had a good knowledge of the Quran but was ignorant of the rulings of
Shari`ah, as is the case among many people nowadays.
Ibn Qudamah said: “If one of them
has more knowledge of the rulings on prayer, and the other has more knowledge
of matters other than prayer, then the one who has more knowledge about prayer
should be given precedence.” (Al-Mughni, 2/19)
The Standing Committee said: “If
this is understood, then it is not permissible for one who is ignorant to lead
the prayer unless he is leading others like him, if there is no one who is
better qualified to lead the prayer.” (Fatawa Islamiyyah, 1/264)
And Allâh knows best
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